7 History- Tribes ,Nomads and Settled communities .
Q.1. Match the following:
Ans-Garh- Chaurasi
tanda-Caravan
labourer-Paik
clan-Khel
Sib Singh-Ahom state
Durgawati-Garha katanga
Q.2. Fill in the blanks :
(a) The new castes emerging within varnas were called
(b) were historical works written by the Ahom.
(c) The mentions that Garha Katanga had 70,000 villages.
(d) As tribal states became bigger and stronger, they gave land grants to and
Ans. (a) Jatis,
(b) Buranjis,
(c) Akbarnama,
(d) temples, Brahmanas.
Q.3. State whether true or false:
(0) Tribal societies had rich org traditions.
(b) There were no tribal communit in the north-western part of subcontinent.
(c) The Chaurasi in Gond states contained several cities.
(d) The Bhils lived in the north-easters part of subcontinent.
Ans. (a) True,(b) False,(c) False,(d) False.
3-Let's Understand
4-What kinds of exchanges took place between nomadic pastoralists and settled agriculturists?
Ans.The nomadic pastoralists exchanges wool, ghee etc. with settled agriculturists for grain, cloth, utensils and other products.
5-How was the administration of Ahom state organised?
Ans. The following were the ways in which the administration of Ahom state was organised:
(a) The Ahom state depended upon forced labour. Those forced to work for the state were called Paiks.
(b) A census of the population was taken. Each village had to send a number of paiks by rotation.
(c) People from heavily populated areas were shifted to less populated areas.
(d) Ahom clans were thus broken up.
(e) By the first-half of the seventeenth century, the administration became quite centralised.
Almost all adult males served in the army during war.
(g) Ahom society was divided into clans or khels.
6-What changes took place in Varna- based society?
Ans. The following changes took place in Varna-based society:
(i) Smaller castes or jatis emerged within varnas.
(ii) On the other hand, many tribes and social groups were taken into caste- based society and given the status of jatis.
(iii) Specialised artisans such as smiths, carpenters and masons were also recognised as separate jatis by the Brahmanas.
(iv) Jatis rather than varna became the bases for organising society.
(v) Among the Kshatriyas, new Rajput clans became powerful.
(vi) Many tribes became part of the caste system. But only the leading tribal families could join the ruling class. A large majority joined the lower jatis of caste society.
(vii) Many dominant tribes of Punjab, Sind and the North-west Frontier had adopted Islam. They continued to reject the caste system.
Q.7. How did tribal societies change after being organised into a state?
Ans. The emergence of large states changed the nature of tribal society.
(A) The Gond Society:
(i) The basically equal society of Gond gradually got divided into unequal social classes.
(ii) Brahmanas received land grants from the Gond rajas and became more influential.
(iii) The Gond chiefs now wished to be recognised as Rajputs.
(B)The Ahom Society
(i) Ahom society became very sophis- ticated.
(ii) Poets and scholars were given land grants.
(iii) Theatre was encouraged.
(iv) Important works of Sanskrit were translated into local language.
(v) Historical works, known as banjaras were also written first in the Ahom language and then in Assamese.
4. Let's Discuss
Q.8. Were the Banjaras important for the economy?
Ans. The banjaras were the important for the economy. They were the most important trader-nomads.
(i) Sultan Alauddin Khilji used the Banajaras to transport grain to the city markets.
(ii) Banjaras carried grain on their bullocks from different areas and sold it in towns.
(iii) Banjaras transported food grain for the Mughal towns. They transported food grain for the Mughal army during military campaigns.
Q9-In what ways was the history of the Gonds different from that of the Ahoms? Were there any similarities?
Ans. History of Gonds was different from Ahom in the following way: cultivation.
GONDS
(i) Gonds Gonds lived in Gondwana.
(ii)practised shifting
(iii) Gond kingdoms were large.
(iv)Gond kingdoms were divided into grahs.
(v) Gonds did not use fire arms.
AHOMES
(i) Ahoms lived in Brahmaputra valley.
(ii) Ahoms did not practise shifting cultivation.
(iii) Ahom kingdom was small.
(iv) Ahoms built a large state.
(v) Ahoms used fine arms for the first time in the history of the subcontinent .
Q.1. Match the following:
Ans-
Garh- Chaurasi
tanda-Caravan
labourer-Paik
clan-Khel
Sib Singh-Ahom state
Durgawati-Garha katanga
Q.2. Fill in the blanks :
(a) The new castes emerging within varnas were called
(b) were historical works written by the Ahom.
(c) The mentions that Garha Katanga had 70,000 villages.
(d) As tribal states became bigger and stronger, they gave land grants to and
Ans. (a) Jatis,
(b) Buranjis,
(c) Akbarnama,
(d) temples, Brahmanas.
Q.3. State whether true or false:
(0) Tribal societies had rich org traditions.
(b) There were no tribal communit in the north-western part of subcontinent.
(c) The Chaurasi in Gond states contained several cities.
(d) The Bhils lived in the north-easters part of subcontinent.
Ans. (a) True,(b) False,
(c) False,(d) False.
3-Let's Understand
4-What kinds of exchanges took place between nomadic pastoralists and settled agriculturists?
Ans.
The nomadic pastoralists exchanges wool, ghee etc. with settled agriculturists for grain, cloth, utensils and other products.
5-How was the administration of Ahom state organised?
Ans. The following were the ways in which the administration of Ahom state was organised:
(a) The Ahom state depended upon forced labour. Those forced to work for the state were called Paiks.
(b) A census of the population was taken. Each village had to send a number of paiks by rotation.
(c) People from heavily populated areas were shifted to less populated areas.
(d) Ahom clans were thus broken up.
(e) By the first-half of the seventeenth century, the administration became quite centralised.
Almost all adult males served in the army during war.
(g) Ahom society was divided into clans or khels.
6-What changes took place in Varna- based society?
Ans. The following changes took place in Varna-based society:
(i) Smaller castes or jatis emerged within varnas.
(ii) On the other hand, many tribes and social groups were taken into caste- based society and given the status of jatis.
(iii) Specialised artisans such as smiths, carpenters and masons were also recognised as separate jatis by the Brahmanas.
(iv) Jatis rather than varna became the bases for organising society.
(v) Among the Kshatriyas, new Rajput clans became powerful.
(vi) Many tribes became part of the caste system. But only the leading tribal families could join the ruling class. A large majority joined the lower jatis of caste society.
(vii) Many dominant tribes of Punjab, Sind and the North-west Frontier had adopted Islam. They continued to reject the caste system.
Q.7. How did tribal societies change after being organised into a state?
Ans. The emergence of large states changed the nature of tribal society.
(A) The Gond Society:
(i) The basically equal society of Gond gradually got divided into unequal social classes.
(ii) Brahmanas received land grants from the Gond rajas and became more influential.
(iii) The Gond chiefs now wished to be recognised as Rajputs.
(B) The Ahom Society
(i) Ahom society became very sophis- ticated.
(ii) Poets and scholars were given land grants.
(iii) Theatre was encouraged.
(iv) Important works of Sanskrit were translated into local language.
(v) Historical works, known as banjaras were also written first in the Ahom language and then in Assamese.
4. Let's Discuss
Q.8. Were the Banjaras important for the economy?
Ans. The banjaras were the important for the economy. They were the most important trader-nomads.
(i) Sultan Alauddin Khilji used the Banajaras to transport grain to the city markets.
(ii) Banjaras carried grain on their bullocks from different areas and sold it in towns.
(iii) Banjaras transported food grain for the Mughal towns. They transported food grain for the Mughal army during military campaigns.
Q9-In what ways was the history of the Gonds different from that of the Ahoms? Were there any similarities?
Ans. History of Gonds was different from Ahom in the following way: cultivation.
GONDS
(i) Gonds Gonds lived in Gondwana.
(ii)practised shifting
(iii) Gond kingdoms were large.
(iv)Gond kingdoms were divided into grahs.
(v) Gonds did not use fire arms.
AHOMES
(i) Ahoms lived in Brahmaputra valley.
(ii) Ahoms did not practise shifting cultivation.
(iii) Ahom kingdom was small.
(iv) Ahoms built a large state.
(v) Ahoms used fine arms for the first time in the history of the subcontinent
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